Country Report - Indonesia

Country Report Trust in Indonesia

st 21 ANNUAL EDELMAN TRUST General Online Population Informed Public BAROMETER 500respondents in U.S. and China; 1,150 100respondents in Nigeria; Methodology respondents per country 200in all other countries Represents 17% of total global population Ages Must meet 4 criteria: 18+ ‣ Age 25-64 Online survey in 28 countries* All slides show general ‣ College-educated 33,000+ respondents online population data unless otherwise noted ‣ In top 25% of household income 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer fieldwork per age group in each country conducted from October 19 to November 18, 2020 ‣ Report significant engagement in public policy and business news *The 2021 Trust Barometer 27-market global averages (for the general population, mass population and informed Mass Population public) do not include Nigeria 27-market global data margin of error: General population +/- 0.6% All population not including (N=31,050); informed public +/- 1.3% (N=6,000); mass population +/- informed public 0.6% (N=25,050+); half-sample global general online population +/- 0.8% (N=15,525). Represents 83% of total global Country-specific data margin of error: General population +/- 2.9% (N=1,150); informed public +/- 6.9% (N=min 200, varies by country), population except for China and U.S. +/- 4.4% (N=500) and Nigeria +/- 9.8% (N=100); mass population +/- 3.0% to 3.6% (N=min 736, varies by U.S. Post-Election Supplement country), except for Nigeria +/- 2.9% (N=1,125). 1,500 U.S. respondents, fielded December 14 to 18, 2020 U.S. Post-Election Supplement margin of error: +/- 2.5% (N=1,500). U.S. Post-Election Supplement ethnicity-specific data margin of error: Non-Hispanic White+/- 3.3% (N=894); all others +/- 4.0 (N=607). 2

21 YEARS OF TRUST 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Rising Fall of the Earned Media U.S. Trust A “Person Like Business More Young People Trust in Performance Business Must Influence of Celebrity CEO More Credible Companies in Shifts from Me” Emerges Trusted Than Have More Business and Partner With NGOs Than Europe Suffer “Authorities” as Credible Government Trust in Plummets Transparency Government to Advertising Trust Discount to Peers Spokesperson and Media Business Essential to Regain Trust Trust 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Trust: Fall of Crisis of Business Trust is Growing Trust in The Battle Trust Declaring Competence Government Leadership to Lead Essential to Inequality Crisis for Truth at Work Information and Ethics the Debate Innovation of Trust Bankruptcy for Change 3

2020 2021 YtY General population General population Change +2 54 Global 27 56 Global 27 TRUST INDEX IN 82 China 77 India -2 INDONESIA 72 China -10 79 India 72 Indonesia -1 73 Indonesia DECLINES BY 1 69 Saudi Arabia +8 66 Thailand 68 Singapore +6 65 UAE POINT 67 UAE +2 62 Mexico 66 Malaysia +6 62 Singapore Trust Index 63 The Netherlands +6 61 Saudi Arabia - 0 + -5 61 Thailand 60 Malaysia Distrust Neutral Trust Change, 2020 to 2021 +12 59 Australia 57 Kenya (1-49) (50-59) (60-100) +2 59 Kenya 57 The Netherlands -3 59 Mexico 53 Canada +3 56 Canada 53 Colombia +7 53 Germany 51 Brazil Greatest decline in China (-10); +3 50 S. Korea 52 Italy greatest increase in Australia (+12) 0 49 Argentina 51 Brazil U.S. Trust Index +5 49 Italy 50 Ireland -5 47 Australia 48 Colombia 53 16 countries gained trust, 48 47 +3 47 U.S. 48 France 9 countries lost trust 43 +4 46 Germany 48 S. Africa +1 45 France 48 U.S. -2 45 Ireland 47 Argentina -5 -3 45 Spain 47 S. Korea 0 44 S. Africa 45 Spain 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. The Trust Index is the average percent trust in NGOs, business, government and media. TRU_INS. +3 42 Japan 45 UK Below is a list of institutions. For each one, please indicate how -2 42 UK 40 Japan much you trust that institution to do what is right. 9-point scale; top 4 4 box, trust. General population, 27-mkt avg. +1 30 Russia 31 Russia

SPRING TRUST BUBBLE BURSTS; BIGGEST LOSS FOR GOVERNMENT IN 11 COUNTRIES - 0 + Distrust Neutral Trust Change, wave to wave Trust Index, 11 countries included in the 2020 Trust Barometer Spring Update (1-49) (50-59) (60-100) +/- Jan 2020 to +/- May 2020 to Government Global 11 May 2020 Jan 2021 S. Korea -17 +16 -17 UK -15 +/- May 2020 +24 -15 to Jan 2021 China -13 61 +5 -13 Government -8 -8 Mexico -12 +12 -12 Media -6 -6 -5 Canada -11 +20 -11 +6 NGOs -6 -6 India +6 -8 -8 56 Business -3 -3 U.S. -6 55 +9 -6 Government was the most Germany -5 +19 -5 trusted institution in May, then lost its lead 6 months later Japan -1 -5 -1 Saudi Arabia -1 +5 -1 Jan 2020 May 2020 Jan 2021 France +2 +13 2 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. The Trust Index is the average percent trust in NGOs, business, government and media. TRU_INS. Below is a list of institutions. For each one, please indicate 5 how much you trust that institution to do what is right. 9-point scale; top 4 box, trust. General population, 11-mkt avg.

PANDEMIC DEEPENS INEQUITIES AROUND THE WORLD Percent who agree Those with less education, less money and fewer resources are being unfairly burdenedwith most of the suffering, risk of illness, and need to sacrifice due to the pandemic 78 72 70 70 69 68 66 65 65 65 65 64 63 63 61 59 58 58 58 58 57 57 55 55 54 54 54 52 Global 27 62% 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. CV1_Q3. Please indicate your level of agreement with the statements below using a nine-point scale where one means “strongly disagree” and nine means “strongly agree”. 9-point scale; top 4 box, agree. Question asked of half of the sample. General population, 27-mkt avg. 6 *Nigeria not included in the global average

AMONG RESPONDENTS IN INDONESIA, TRUST IN POWERFUL COUNTRIES DECLINES Distrust Neutral Trust (1-49) (50-59) (60-100) Percent trust in companies headquartered in each country, in Percent trust in the national government of each Indonesia foreign country, in Indonesia 78 74 82 80 81 79 78 78 61 76 76 77 76 74 55 73 73 69 64 64 66 58 56 53 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. TRU_NAT. Now we would like to focus on global companies headquartered in specific countries. Please indicate how much you trust global companies headquartered in the following countries to do what is right. 9-point scale; top 4 box, trust. Question asked of half of the sample. TRU_GOV. Please indicate how much you trust the national government of each of the following countries to do what is right using a 9-point scale where one means that you “do not trust them at all” and nine means that you “trust them a great deal”. 9- 7 point scale; top 4 box, trust. Question asked of half of the sample. Respondents were not asked to rate their home country. General population, Indonesia.

Photo credit: Liputan6 Photo credit: Pikiran Rakyat A YEAR IN FLASHBACK Photo credit: Joshua Irwandi Photo credit: CNBC Indonesia

IN INDONESIA, ALL INSTITUTIONS TRUSTED Percent trust, in Indonesia - 0 + Distrust Neutral Trust Change, 2020 to 2021 Business Media Government NGOs 78 72 70 68 -1 pts 72 TRUST INDEX Change, 2020 to 2021 -1 +3 -5 0 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. The Trust Index is the average percent trust in NGOs, business, government and media. TRU_INS. Below is a list of institutions. For each one, please indicate 9 how much you trust that institution to do what is right. 9-point scale; top 4 box, trust. General population, Indonesia.

TRUST DECREASES IN 11 of 15 SECTORS - 0 + Percent trust in each sector, in Indonesia Distrust Neutral Trust Change, 2020 to 2021 83 84 85 88 77 77 77 79 80 81 82 74 75 75 76 67 n/a -7 -4 -3 -7 -10 -5 -7 +2 -8 -4 +2 +2 -1 -1 0 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. TRU_IND. Please indicate how much you trust businesses in each of the following industries to do what is right. 9-point scale; top 4 box, trust. Industries shown 10 to half of the sample. General population, Indonesia.

2021 2021 Informed public Mass population Trust gap TRUST INEQUALITY 68 Global 27 52 Global 27 Record trust inequality 16 SPREADS FURTHER 86 India 68 China 14 86 Saudi Arabia 68 Indonesia 15 Trust Index 83 Indonesia 67 India 19 82 China 67 Saudi Arabia 19 79 The Netherlands 66 Singapore 10 79 UAE 65 14 UAE 78 Malaysia 63 15 Malaysia Distrust Neutral Trust 77 Australia 62 17 The Netherlands (1-49) (50-59) (60-100) 76 Singapore 58 7 Kenya DOUBLE-DIGIT TRUST 75 Thailand 56 10 INEQUALITY IN RECORD Mexico NUMBER OF COUNTRIES 66 Italy 56 19 Thailand 66 Mexico 55 22 Australia Nr. of countries with 65 France 55 9 Canada double-digit trust inequality 65 Kenya 52 10 Germany Mass population 16 points less trusting Global 22 21 65 S. Africa 51 15 Italy 64 Canada 49 3 Nigeria* 63 Ireland 48 15 Ireland 62 Brazil 47 15 Brazil 62 Germany 46 13 Colombia 7 62 U.S. 45 20 France 59 Colombia 44 12 Argentina 59 S. Korea 44 21 S. Africa 13 59 UK 44 Spain 2012 2021 18 57 Spain 44 U.S. 16 56 Argentina 43 S. Korea 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. The Trust Index is the average 16 52 Japan 43 percent trust in NGOs, business, government and media. TRU_INS. UK Below is a list of institutions. For each one, please indicate how 13 52 Nigeria* 39 Japan much you trust that institution to do what is right. 9-point scale; top 4 13 41 Russia 28 Russia box, trust. Informed public and mass population, 27-mkt avg. 11 *Nigeria not included in the global average

PANDEMIC PUTS TRUST TO THE TEST

Percent who are concerned PANDEMIC ADDED Percent who are fearful TO PERSISTENT 89 PERSONAL AND 78 75 75 SOCIETAL FEARS Percent who are concerned, 66 and percent who are fearful, in Indonesia 62 42 42 41 32 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. POP_EMO. Some people say they worry about many things while others say they have few Job loss (net) Climate change Hackers and Contracting Losing my concerns. We are interested in what you worry about. Specifically, how much do you worry about each of the following? 9-point scale; cyber-attacks COVID-19 freedoms as a top 4 box, worry; top 2 box, fear. Non-job loss attributes shown to citizen half of the sample. General population, Indonesia. Job loss asked of those who are an employee (Q43/1). Job loss is a net of attributes 1- 13 3, 5, and 22-24.

PANDEMIC ACCELERATES JOB LOSS FEARS Percent who agree, in Indonesia As a result of the of the pandemic, I worry that the pandemic will accelerate a portion of our workforce has seen their the rate at which companies replace work hours reduced or their human workers with AI and robots jobs eliminated A large percentage A small percentage 69% 59% 37 32 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. LAY_OFFS. Has the organization you work for had to lay-off or furlough any employees as a result of the economic impact of the pandemic? Code 1, yes, a large percentage; code 2, yes, a small percentage. Question asked of those who are an employee (Q43/1). Total layoff/furlough percentage is a sum of code 1 and 2. SOC_AGR. Please indicate how much 14 you agree or disagree with the following statements. 9-point scale; top 4 box, agree. Question asked of half of the sample. General population, Indonesia.

INCREASED Change in importance since last More Less URGENCY TO year, in Indonesia Net change Important Important ADDRESS Improving our healthcare system 78 6 +72 FOUNDATIONAL PROBLEMS Addressing poverty in this country 76 6 +70 Change in importance since last year Improving our education system 75 6 +69 (more important minus less important) Closing the economic and social divide 73 7 +66 Addressing climate change 68 6 +62 Finding ways to combat fake news 70 9 +61 Protecting people's individual freedoms 68 7 +61 Addressing discrimination, racism 68 8 +60 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. IMP_POL_PRIORITIES. For each of the following issues and challenges, please indicate whether our country addressing it has become more important to you, less important to you, or has stayed the same in importance, since last year. 5-point scale; top 2 box; more important; bottom 2 box, less important. General population, Indonesia. Net change is the difference between 15 more and less important.

RAGING INFODEMIC FEEDS MISTRUST

SOCIETAL LEADERS SUSPECTED OF MISINFORMATION Percent who worry, in Indonesia Our government leaders Business leaders are purposely trying to mislead are purposely trying to mislead people by saying things they know are false people by saying things they know are false or gross exaggerations or gross exaggerations 59% 58% 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. POP_EMO. Some people say they worry about many things while others say they have few concerns. We are interested in what you worry about. Specifically, 17 how much do you worry about each of the following? 9-point scale; top 4 box, worry. Attributes shown to half of the sample. General population, Indonesia.

TRUST IN SOCIETAL LEADERS TO DO WHAT IS RIGHT DECLINES - 0 + Percent trust, in Indonesia Distrust Neutral Trust Change, 2020 to 2021 85 84 83 77 72 67 65 -6 -4 -3 -3 0 n/a -5 People in my local Government leaders Journalists CEOs Religious leaders My employer CEO Scientists community 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. TRU_PEP. Below is a list of groups of people. For each one, please indicate how much you trust that group of people to do what is right. 9-point scale; top 4 18 box, trust. Attributes shown to half of the sample; “My employer CEO” only shown to those that are an employee (Q43/1). General population, Indonesia.

IN INDONESIA, ONLY 1 IN 4 HAVE GOOD INFORMATION HYGIENE Percent in each segment Information hygiene: 36 36 60%of respondents 1. News engagement share or forward news itemsthat they find to be 2. Avoid information echo chambers interesting. 28 3. Verify information Of those, only 32% have good information hygiene 4. Do not amplify unvetted information Poor Moderate Good information hygiene information hygiene information hygiene 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. MED_SEG_OFT. How often do you engage in the following activities related to news and information? Indicate your answer using the 7-point scale below. 7- 19 point scale; top 5 box, several times a month or more. General population, Indonesia. For full details on how the Information Hygiene Scale was built, please refer to the Technical Appendix.

TRUST IN SOCIAL MEDIA AT AN ALL TIME LOW Percent trust in each source for general news and information, in Indonesia 83 80 81 80 79 78 76 75 75 75 72 72 73 77 75 70 75 75 69 68 68 73 72 71 65 71 Change 66 69 69 Trusted (60-100) 2020-2021 67 67 63 67 65 62 63 61 60 55 0 Search engines* 57 Traditional media -2 Owned media -2 Social media -2 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. COM_MCL. When looking for general news and information, how much would you trust each type of source for general news and information? 9-point scale; top 4 box, trust. Question asked of half of the sample. General population, Indonesia. 20 *From 2012-2015, “Online Search Engines” were included as a media type. In 2016, this was changed to “Search Engines.”

A NEW MANDATE FOR BUSINESS

TRUST IS LOCAL: MY EMPLOYER A MAINSTAY OF TRUST - 0 + Distrust Neutral Trust Change, 2020 to 2021 Percent trust in my employer Trust in my employer stable or rising in 18 of 27 countries Indonesia 92 89 86 85 83 83 82 79 79 79 78 77 76 76 76 76 75 74 73 72 72 71 70 70 69 66 60 58 76% 92 My employer My employer more trusted than institutions Business 78 0 -1 +2 +1 +7 +2 0 -1 +5 0 +3 +4 +1 +1 +4 0 -3 -12 0 0 -2 -6 +4 n/a -1 +3 -4 -1 l l ll ll l ll Media 72 Government 70 NGOs 68 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. TRU_INS. [Your employer] Below is a list of institutions. For each one, please indicate how much you trust that institution to do what is right. 9-point scale; top 4 22 box, trust. General population, Indonesia. Question asked among those who are employed (Q43/1).

BUSINESS EXPECTED TO TAKE THE LEAD ON CHANGE Percent who agree, in Indonesia CEOs should step in CEOs should take the lead CEOs should hold when the government does not fix on change rather than waiting themselves accountable to societal problems for government to impose change the public and not just to the on them board of directors or stockholders 72% 74% 72% 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. CEO_EXP. Below is a list of potential expectations that you might have for a company CEO. Thinking about CEOs in general, whether they are global CEOs or a CEO who oversees a particular country, how would you characterize each using the following three-point scale? 3-point scale, sum of codes 2 and 3. Question asked of half of the sample. CEO_AGR. Thinking about CEOs, how strongly do you 23 agree or disagree with the following statement? 9-point scale; top 4 box, trust. Question asked of half of the sample. General population, Indonesia.

CEOS MUST LEAD ON SOCIETAL ISSUES Percent in Indonesia who expect CEOs to publicly speak out about one or more of these societal challenges Pandemic impact 68 Job automation 54 Societal issues 54 92% Local community issues 45 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. CEO_SPEAK. Looking at the topics listed below, please select the ones you expect CEOs to currently be speaking out about publicly. Select all that apply. Question 24 asked of half of the sample. General population, Indonesia. CEO expectation to speak out is a net of attributes 1, 2, 5 and 7.

CONSUMERS AND EMPLOYEES EXPECTED TO HAVE A SEAT AT THE TABLE Percent who agree, in Indonesia of those who 67% 66% are employed 51% Consumers … Employees … I am more likely now than a year ago to voice my objections to have the power to force management or engage in corporations to change workplace protest 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. TMA_SIE_SHV. Please indicate how much you agree or disagree with the following statements. 9-point scale; top 4 box, agree. Question asked of half of the sample. EMP_ENG. Thinking about your current employer, to what extent do you agree with the following statements? 9-point scale; top 4 box, agree. Question asked of those who are an 25 employee (Q43/1). General population, Indonesia.

EMPLOYEE EXPECTATIONS SHIFT: SAFETY Change in importance as an AND UPSKILLING employer attribute since the More Less start of the year in Indonesia... Net change Important Important MATTER MORE Change in importance since last year Job skills training programs 66 9 +57 (more important minus less important) Regular employee communications 65 8 +57 Diverse, representative workforce 64 8 +56 Keep workers, customers safe 63 8 +55 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. EMP_IMP_VAL. When considering an organization as a potential place of employment, please indicate whether each of the following has become more important to you, less important to you, or has stayed the same in importance since last year. 5-point scale; top 2 box; more important; bottom 2 box, less important. Question asked of those who are an employee (Q43/1). General population, Indonesia. Net change is the difference between more and 26 less important.

PANDEMIC FEARS IMPEDE RETURN TO WORKPLACE Percent who say each reason is why they are choosing to work from home vs. choosing to return to the workplace, in Indonesia to work at home return to the office choosing , choosing to , 50%for the following reasons: 50%for the following reasons: COVID-19 risk My employer made me feel safe 75 35 while commuting/in office (net) I am more productive I am more productive 22 51 Enhanced work-life balance 27 Healthy work-life balance 31 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. WRK_CHOICE. Which of the following best describes your current working situation? Question asked of those who are an employee (Q43/1). Data among employees that have a choice of working from home or their workplace. WHY_HOME. Why are you choosing to continue working from home even though you could return to the workplace if you wanted to? Select all that apply. Question asked of employees that are choosing to work from home (Q43/1 AND WRK_CHOICE/3). WHY_OFFICE. Why are you choosing to work at an office or other workplace even though you could work remotely if you wanted to? Select all that apply. 27 Question asked of employees that are choosing to return to their workplace (Q43/1 AND WRK_CHOICE/4). General population, Indonesia. COVID-19 risk while commuting / in office is a net of WHY_HOME/2-3.

EMERGING FROM INFORMATION BANKRUPTCY 1 2 3 4 Business: Embrace Lead with facts, Provide Don’t go it alone expanded mandate act with empathy trustworthy content Business, government, NGOs CEOs must lead on issues Societal leaders must have the All institutions must provide and others must find a from improving healthcare and courage to provide straight truthful, unbiased, reliable common purpose and take address inequality to upskilling. talk, but also empathize and information. collective action to solve Act first, talk after. address people’s fears. societal problems. 28